Estados Unidos: la rápida implosión de una democracia
| Portada de The Economist, 23 enero 2026 |
Una noche de enero puede convertirse en un amanecer de epifanías históricas, y si ese enero es el de 2026, nada en Estados Unidos parece estar funcionando como antes.
The Rapid Implosion of a Democracy
La traducción hecha con ChatGPT
A January night can turn into a dawn of historical epiphanies, and if that January is 2026, nothing in the United States seems to be working as it once did.
A book I bought on my way back from Germany at El Dorado airport—Volker Ullrich’s The Failure of the Weimar Republic (Taurus, 2025)—lies open again on my table, a handy reminder that democracies are not impregnable fortresses but fragile structures built by human hands, vulnerable to erosion. Ullrich documents, with historical precision, how Germany’s first democracy born of the 1919 Revolution came into being amid repeated convulsions, hyperinflation and internal fractures within the Social Democratic parties that led it to the absolute authoritarianism of the Third Reich. It is a historical warning: the freedoms that uphold the state, which seem firmly secured, can vanish with startling speed under sustained pressure in social, economic (Trump’s tariffs) and political spheres (U.S. meddling in Honduras’s elections and in Maduro’s regime). The state, as Hegel’s ultimate raison d’être, collapses in the face of the failure of reason itself.
A century after the Weimar Republic, the United States is experiencing the same historical admonition. As the second term of Donald Trump reaches its first anniversary, one cannot ignore that American democracy exhibits symptoms of fragility and decay. The presence of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents on the streets of Minnesota, detaining people without reading them their rights or advising them of the legal basis for their arrests, has generated profound public outrage, mass protests and calls from prominent figures, unions and civil organizations for an “economic blackout” in response to what many perceive as federal abuse of power.
On January 7, 2026, Renée Nicole Good, an American citizen, was shot dead by an ICE agent during an operation in Minneapolis. The footage circulating online and the subsequent protests have unleashed a level of social indignation that recalls moments of institutional legitimacy crisis, such as those sparked by the Vietnam War protests or Watergate.
The use of lethal force by federal ICE agents against civilians and migrants is not an isolated event in this administration; it is part of a pattern of power enforcement that undermines the law in favor of imposition by the Trump team. This administration has presided over arbitrary detentions, the detention of children and the spread of a climate of fear in communities that never imagined they would be the target of such operations far from the borders.
Returning to Ullrich’s book, his analysis of the Weimar Republic underscores how confidence in the superiority of democracy can become precisely the cause of its fall: faith in a system that seemed eternal prevents self-criticism and the recognition of the fissures that rapidly appear not only in the United States but across Latin America—from Bukele in El Salvador and Milei’s Argentina to the Ortega regime in Nicaragua. A left that is reluctant to acknowledge its errors and change course, as happened in Chile with the rise of the far right under Katz, is another factor to consider. As Boric—now almost an ex‑president—has noted. The narrative of dialogue, participation and consensus that dominated much of the twentieth century has given way to a rhetoric of absolute force and abuses, in which President Trump himself has gone so far as to say that “sometimes a dictatorship is necessary.” This phrase is not a slip of the tongue; it is direct testimony to how a term that marked the end of the Weimar Republic can be trivialized through constant erosion by the cronies of a would‑be autocrat.
For many citizens, the question ceases to be whether institutions function and becomes how they can be co‑opted by an executive that concentrates power under the banners of security, immigration and falsehood as a governing method. What happens when a significant portion of the population, beset by economic anxiety, persistent inequalities and frustration with traditional political elites, follows such a path and feels confident voting for leaders who display authoritarian tendencies and disdain for science, the vaccines that have saved thousands of lives, independent institutions and civil liberties? The question illuminates a profound fracture, an ideological and emotional cleft that divides society.
The fragility of democracies is not expressed only in dramatic coups d’état, but in the slow erosion of norms, the normalization of extraordinary practices, discourse that conceals or transmutes lies into truths, indifference to rights violations, and polarization that turns political opponents into irreconcilable enemies. The Weimar Republic teaches us that erosion begins with the surrender of small guarantees, with continual tolerance of exclusionary rhetoric and the daily undermining of social achievements made under governments such as Gustavo Petro’s.
Today the United States stands at a crossroads: its democracy is being tested not only by external crises manufactured by Trump or by domestic pressures such as the rising cost of living and street poverty, but by the relationship between unchecked power and its violence against citizens, and by its institutional architecture. Recovery, if it comes, will be the product of civic protest to defend fundamental rights and freedoms before the social fabric weakens beyond repair.

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